Psychology, 5th Edition by Robert A. Baron (eBook)
Chi Square Method - Numerical
The numerical below is an example of calculations carried out in the Chi Square Method. This approach can be extended to similar cases by replacing the data.
A research was carried out in which the students of mathematics and literature were asked to express their preference for lecture method and group discussion method. The data obtained is given below. Find out whether the preference for a method is dependent on the subject taken by the students.
Students | Preference for Lecture Method | Preference for Group Discussion Method |
Mathematics | 3 | 12 |
Literature | 5 | 10 |
How to apply the Chi Square Method?
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H0, Null Hypothesis: Preference for a method is not dependant on the subject taken by students.
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H1, Alternative Hypothesis: Preference for a method is dependant on the subject taken by students.
Step 1: Hypotheses Formulation
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Students Preference for Lecture Method Preference for Group Discussion Method Total Mathematics 3 12 15 Literature 5 10 15 Total 8 22 30
Step 2: Add numbers across columns and rows:
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πΈ_π£πππ’π = (π ππ€ππ’π × πΆπππ’ππππ’π) / πΊπππππππ‘ππ
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Students Preference for Lecture Method Preference for Group Discussion Method Mathematics 4 11 Literature 4 11
Step 3: Calculate expected numbers for each cell
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π^2 = (πΈ × (π−πΈ)^2) / πΈ
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Students Preference for Lecture Method Preference for Group Discussion Method Mathematics 0.25 0.091 Literature 0.25 0.091
Step 4: Calculate Chi square for each cell
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π_π‘ππ‘ππ^2 = 0.25 + 0.25 + 0.091 + 0.091 = 0.682
Step 5: Calculate total Chi square
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df = (number of rows – 1) x (number of columns – 1) = (2 – 1) x (2 – 1) = 1
Step 6: Calculate degrees of freedom, df
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Check critical value of Chi-square for df = 1 and Ξ± = 0.05.
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Ο2 critical = 3.841
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Ο2 total (0.682) < Ο2 critical(3.841)
Step 7: Check critical values
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Because Ο2 total < Ο2 critical, therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, the preference for a method is not dependant on the subject taken by the students.
Step 8: Interpretation and Decision
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Chi Square Method - Numerical
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