Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred to simply as Raven's Matrices) are multiple choice intelligence tests of abstract reasoning, originally developed by Dr. John C. Raven in 1936. In each test item, the subject is asked to identify the missing item that completes a pattern. Many patterns are presented in the form of a 4x4, 3x3, or 2x2 matrix, giving the test its name.


The matrices are posed in three different forms for participants of different ability: Standard Progressive Matrices, Coloured Progressive Matrices and Advanced Progressive Matrices. In addition, so-called 'parallel' forms of the standard and coloured progressive matrices were published in 1998.

Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary tests measure the two main components of general intelligence (originally identified by Charles Spearman): the ability to think clearly and make sense of complexity, which is known as eductive ability (from the Latin root 'educere', meaning 'to draw out') and the ability to store and reproduce information, known as reproductive ability.

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Source:
https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/psychological-testing-raven-s-progressive-matrices/