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Wilcoxon Test

One of the best ways to improve power is by employing repeated measures or matching, and such designs can be analyzed with nonparametric methods. A usef…

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Scatter Plot

Scatterplot is arguably the most informative device for illustrating a bivariate distribution and visually assess correlation between two variables...

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Variance

The variance, denoted with the symbol S2, is the mean of the squared deviation scores. Because the variance is responsive to the value of each score in …

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Degree of Freedom

The concept of degrees of freedom is central to the principle of estimating statistics of populations from samples of them. ""Degrees of freed…

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Point Biserial Correlation

It is a special case of correlation in which one of the variables has only two possible values, and these values represent different groups. For instanc…

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Type 1 Error

The decision to reject or retain H0 depends on the announced level of significance, α. α is a statement of risk that the researcher is willing to assume…

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Point Estimation

A point estimate is a single value—a “point""—taken from a sample and used to estimate the corresponding parameter in the population. A statis…

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Histogram

The histogram comprises a series of bars of uniform width, each one representing the frequency associated with a particular class interval. As with the …

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Cross-Sectional Survey Research Design

The data is used to look for patterns of association or relationships either in the group as a whole (all cases) or in subgroups sharing characteristics…

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Case Study - Selection Criteria

A case selection based on representativeness may not generate revealing insights. Researchers, therefore, prefer information-oriented sampling, as oppos…

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