Dr. E. Paul Torrance, “Father of Creativity,” is best known for developing the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). It was developed in 1966 building on J.P. Guilford's  SOI assessments. It has been translated into more than 35 languages (Millar, 2002), is the most widely used test of creativity (Davis, 1997) and is the most referenced of all creativity tests (Lissitz & Willhoft, 1985).

Structure

The TTCT-Verbal (creative thinking with words) and the TTCT-Figural (creative thinking with figures) are two versions of the TTCT.

1. TTCT-Verbal: has two parallel forms, A and B, and consists of five activities: 
1. ask-and-guess: includes three tasks Asking, Guessing causes and Guessing consequences for the pictured action
2. product improvement: subject modifies given toy to improve it 
3. unusual uses: subject identifies different uses of an item
4. unusual questions: subject asks different questions about an item
5. just suppose: subject asked to list possible ramifications of an improbable situation
   The stimulus for each task includes a picture to which people respond in writing (Torrance, 1966, 1974). 
2. TTCT-Figural: has two parallel forms, A and B, and consists of three activities: 
1. picture construction: the subject constructs a picture using a pear or jellybean shape provided on the page as a stimulus (must be integral part of picture)
2. picture completion: the subject uses 10 incomplete figures to make an object or picture
3. repeated figures of lines or circles: composed of three pages of lines or circles that the subject is to use as a part of his or her picture (Torrance, 1966, 1974, 1990, 1998; Torrance & Ball, 1984).