Research Design

Quasi-Experiments - Definition and Types

Quasi-experiments are studies which lack the control of a true experiment because one or more of its requirements cannot be met, ex: deliberate use of a…

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Cross-Sectional Survey Research Design

The data is used to look for patterns of association or relationships either in the group as a whole (all cases) or in subgroups sharing characteristics…

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Case Study - Selection Criteria

A case selection based on representativeness may not generate revealing insights. Researchers, therefore, prefer information-oriented sampling, as oppos…

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Ethnography

Ethnography is generally carried out by researchers who do not belong to the ethnic community under study but who spend a considerable amount of time wi…

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Grounded Theory

In research using grounded theory, researchers start with the data and develop a theory or an interpretation that is “grounded in” those data. They do t…

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Independent and Dependent Variables

An independent variable, sometimes called an experimental or predictor variable, is a variable that is being manipulated in an experiment in order to ob…

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Snowball Sampling

Some populations that we are interested in studying can be hard-to-reach and/or hidden. These include populations such as drug addicts, homeless people,…

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Reliability of an Assessment Method

Reliability refers to the repeatability of findings. It refers to consistency: if the results of a test or measurement are reliable, a person should rec…

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Significance of Hypothesis Formulation

Hypothesis Formulation provides the investigator with a relational statement that is directly testable in a research study and direction to the research…

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Research Design - Definition

A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and evaluation of data in a fashion which is designed to combine relevance to the rese…

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Causal Comparative and Experimental Research Designs

Experimental Research Design is most appropriate in controlled settings such as laboratories. The design assumes random assignment of subjects and rando…

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Strategies of Interpreting Data in a Qualitative Research

Analyzing qualitative data is an eclectic process. There is no single, accepted approach. It involves a simultaneous process while you are also collecti…

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Types of Questions that can be used in a Survey Research

Questionnaires can be an effective means of measuring the behaviour, attitudes, preferences, opinions and intentions of relatively large numbers of subj…

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Field research and Experimental Research Designs

" An experiment is a systematic way of proving or disproving a hypothesis and used to determine a cause and effect relationship between the subject…

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Research Biases

Bias is the distortion of results by a variable. Some of the common biases that may impact the results of a research study are…

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Quasi-Experiments - Definition and Types

Quasi-experiments are studies which lack the control of a true experiment because one or more of its requirements cannot be met, ex: deliberate use of a…

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Discourse Analysis - Assumptions, Theories and Steps

Discourse analysis involves an ‘analysis of the ways in which discourses – which can be read in texts and talk – constitute the social world (Mason, 200…

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Steps in Conducting a Scientific Research

Scientific research involves a systematic process that focuses on being objective and gathering a multitude of information for analysis so that the rese…

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Factorial Design

Traditional research methods generally study the effect of one variable at a time, because it is statistically easier to manipulate. However, in many ca…

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Time Lag Method

Time lag method

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