Research Design

Quasi-Experiments - Definition and Types

Quasi-Experiments - Definition and Types

Quasi-experiments are studies which lack the control of a true experiment because one or more of its requirements cannot be met, ex: deliberate use of a…

Cross-Sectional Survey Research Design

Cross-Sectional Survey Research Design

The data is used to look for patterns of association or relationships either in the group as a whole (all cases) or in subgroups sharing characteristics…

Case Study - Selection Criteria

Case Study - Selection Criteria

A case selection based on representativeness may not generate revealing insights. Researchers, therefore, prefer information-oriented sampling, as oppos…

Ethnography

Ethnography is generally carried out by researchers who do not belong to the ethnic community under study but who spend a considerable amount of time wi…

Grounded Theory

Grounded Theory

In research using grounded theory, researchers start with the data and develop a theory or an interpretation that is “grounded in” those data. They do t…

Independent and Dependent Variables

Independent and Dependent Variables

An independent variable, sometimes called an experimental or predictor variable, is a variable that is being manipulated in an experiment in order to ob…

Snowball Sampling

Snowball Sampling

Some populations that we are interested in studying can be hard-to-reach and/or hidden. These include populations such as drug addicts, homeless people,…

Reliability of an Assessment Method

Reliability of an Assessment Method

Reliability refers to the repeatability of findings. It refers to consistency: if the results of a test or measurement are reliable, a person should rec…

Significance of Hypothesis Formulation

Significance of Hypothesis Formulation

Hypothesis Formulation provides the investigator with a relational statement that is directly testable in a research study and direction to the research…

Research Design - Definition

Research Design - Definition

A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and evaluation of data in a fashion which is designed to combine relevance to the rese…

Causal Comparative and Experimental Research Designs

Causal Comparative and Experimental Research Designs

Experimental Research Design is most appropriate in controlled settings such as laboratories. The design assumes random assignment of subjects and rando…

Strategies of Interpreting Data in a Qualitative Research

Strategies of Interpreting Data in a Qualitative Research

Analyzing qualitative data is an eclectic process. There is no single, accepted approach. It involves a simultaneous process while you are also collecti…

Types of Questions that can be used in a Survey Research

Types of Questions that can be used in a Survey Research

Questionnaires can be an effective means of measuring the behaviour, attitudes, preferences, opinions and intentions of relatively large numbers of subj…

Field research and Experimental Research Designs

Field research and Experimental Research Designs

" An experiment is a systematic way of proving or disproving a hypothesis and used to determine a cause and effect relationship between the subject…

Research Biases

Research Biases

Bias is the distortion of results by a variable. Some of the common biases that may impact the results of a research study are…

Quasi-Experiments - Definition and Types

Quasi-Experiments - Definition and Types

Quasi-experiments are studies which lack the control of a true experiment because one or more of its requirements cannot be met, ex: deliberate use of a…

Discourse Analysis - Assumptions, Theories and Steps

Discourse Analysis - Assumptions, Theories and Steps

Discourse analysis involves an ‘analysis of the ways in which discourses – which can be read in texts and talk – constitute the social world (Mason, 200…

Steps in Conducting a Scientific Research

Steps in Conducting a Scientific Research

Scientific research involves a systematic process that focuses on being objective and gathering a multitude of information for analysis so that the rese…

Factorial Design

Factorial Design

Traditional research methods generally study the effect of one variable at a time, because it is statistically easier to manipulate. However, in many ca…

Time Lag Method

Time Lag Method

Time lag method

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